Energy Self Sufficiency Leading To Carbon Credits Environmental Sciences Essay

Carbon credits are tradable license strategies in conformity with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change besides called as UNFCC.This schems gives the holder a right to emanation of one equivalent of metric ton of C dioxide. They provide a mechanism which efficaciously reduces the nursery gas emanations and therefore leting to gain through the emanation decrease. In rural countries, India has immense potency to gain emanation allowances through the proviso of domestic energy which is replacing based. They besides have fuel switching undertakings like solar cookers, biogas, solar cells and chullahs which are smoke free This survey proposes a general mathematical theoretical account that assesses the economical viability and potency of CDM Programme Matic a.k.a the Clean Development Mechanism which is developed on biogas undertaking for energy at families to supply autonomy in rural parts of India. statistical analysis have been used to rank the design variables. The research survey theoretical account is based on 10 small towns in Jhunjhunu, a territory of Rajasthan, India covering a population of about 31,000 people. The collected for the research intent is secondary informations. This theoretical account is applicable to all small towns in India. It is possible to cipher the figure programmatic CDM is based on the household system of the biogas undertaking. Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, December 11, 1997 and entered into force February 16, 2005. 180 states have ratified to day of the month. It aims to cut down nursery gas emanations by 5.2 % compared to 1990 degrees during the five old ages 2008-2012. Developed states are classified in Annex 1-countries and is bound by the Protocol, while developing states classified as non-Annex 1-countries that have ratified the Protocol are non bound lawfully by the extension. The Kyoto Protocol provides three mechanisms: Joint execution ( JI ) , Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) and The International Emissions Trading ( IET ) . In conformity with the CDM, Annex 1 states can run into their decrease marks by implementationof emanation decrease undertakings in developing states under non-Annex 1. A CER ( certified emanation decreases ) is issued by the Board of CDM undertakings in developing states which is a certification that certifies emanations have been reducedby one metric ton of C equivalentinternal-di-oxide every twelvemonth. Annex 1 states buy these CERs to run into their mark of emanation decrease. Under the Joint Implementation ( JI ) , an supplement, a party may implement a undertaking that enhances remotions from sinks in other states or canimplement projectsto cut down emanation in another states. ERUs ( emanation decrease units ) can be used to accomplish these aims. Harmonizing to the International Emissions Trading Scheme ( EIT ) mechanism, states can merchandise their extra credits on the international market for C credits to states with committednesss to quantify restriction of emanation and decrease of emanation as per the Kyoto Protocol.India is considered one of the biggest donees of C trading among the developing states, through the execution Clean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) ._2. Methodology2.1. BackgroundGlobal heating is due to greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) that are captured in the ambiance. The tabular array shows the planetary heating ( GW ) of gas potency. Greenhouse gas emanations are powerful: C di-oxide, methane, azotic oxide, hydroflourocarbons, perflourocarbons and sulphur hexaflouride. CERs awarded = Tons of GHG reduced X GW potency of the gas ( metric dozenss of C ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ( 1 ) Table 1: Global warming potency of gases CDM undertakings are intended to be a lever for sustainable development [ 1, 2 ] . The consequences of the CDM undertaking has beendirected to sustainable development standards of the host state. Clearance of the National CDM Authority sustainability in India is spearheaded by the Union Environment and Forests. The basic rules of sustainable development, economic prosperity, environmental wellbeing and prosperity of the engineering. Reporting Program under the CDM is a new attack to the development of CDM undertakings registered with UNFCCC in a Plan of Action ( plan activities ) . This action is voluntary and a public private entity coordinates it, This consists of an CDM undertaking activities ( CPA ) which are unlimited in figure. An Action Plan can be constituted either by big or little CPA CPA. All undertakings under the Programme of Action must hold an implementing entity approved by the host DNA ( Designated National Authority ) . The plan activities of the bill of exchange declaration is limited to steps or enterprises in which activities that induce nursery gas decrease and the evidences of emanations can be identified and verified more clearly. Therefore, a policy that would extinguish fossil fuels or implementing a national cap and trade is non frequently considered a bill of exchange plan unless the actions applied are non identifiable clearly as attributable measuring and verifiable ex station [ 3 ] . The nucleus appears as a CDM Program is: They are the consequence of a calculated plan that is either working in the public sector or private sector enterprise. Plan consequences in a broad scope of disparate activities that have benn introduced by the plan and will non go on, but for following the plan. Actions that cut down nursery gases do non needfully happen at the same time. Type, size and timing of actions to cut down emanations caused by the plan might be unknown during the clip of undertaking enrollment.2.2. ExecutionThe methodological analysis of execution of the research is shown in Figure 1 The method involved the executing of the undermentioned stages:2.2.1. Survey – 1The research is based on the informations collected via the secondary beginnings which involves the probe and survey of bing energy beginnings and energy demands across Pilani and the small towns nearby in its first phase.2.2.1.1. Choice of small townsThe secondary informations Si via the 10 small towns studies conducted covering the territory of Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan, India. The choice of small towns was had a sample infinite which was diverse in nature and took the undermentioned factors into history: Context of people in economic footings Village occupants Background Based on the parametric quantities, 10 small towns near the metropolis Jhunjhunu territory, Rajasthan, India were selected. Dhandar Jherli Kazi Kulhariyon ka Baaz Likhowa Naurangpura Nuhand Raila Baas Thirpali.Figure 1: Methodology of Execution2.2.2.Study of UNFCCC methodological analysissClean Development Mechanism ( CDM ) , the methods of little under the UNFCCC relevant in the small towns above the selected energy industries ( renewable and nonrenewablein sector-1, waste direction and disposal in sector-15, agribusiness ( sector-13 ) and have been detailed.2.2.3. Choice of family based biogas workssBiogas has been found the best solution for the demand of rural India ‘s turning energy and supply of energy is deficient. Biogas workss have the great possible to do money from C credits and from all other solutions that are possible such as solar, air current, etc.2.2.4.Survey – 2Survey-2 was done in the small towns themselves Survey-1. This survey includes an appraisal of the parametric quantities of economic viability and feasibleness of Programmatic CDM is based on the biogas undertaking.2.2.5. Development of generalized mathematical theoretical accountOn the observ ations and analysis of the Survey-2 A a mathematical theoretical account was formulated which was general in nature. This was done to measure the economic viability of a CDM plan Matic family biogas undertaking in operation.3. Consequences and Discussions3.1. Research Surveys3.1.1. Survey – 1The the first was done with the end and the visit was to reexamine the beginnings of energy presently used and energy demands of the villagers. The parametric quantities that were calculated through the first study were: Main fuel for cookery. The mean fuel ingestion per twenty-four hours. The mean distance travelled by each twenty-four hours to acquire fuel for cookery. Entree to hours of electricity a twenty-four hours. Plants of family electricity ingestion and day-to-day energy.3.1.2. Survey – 2Biogas should be set up to back up programmatic CDM undertaking. Estimated parametric quantities in the 2nd survey were: W – A Will to put in a biogas works. the appraisal was done on a graduated table of 1-10 on the footing of a questionnaire. C – Fuel cost per twenty-four hours per family in the INR. P – Appraisal on a graduated table of 1-5 of a Prior cognition of biogas workss E -The ratio of the energy required for readying of family and the household members. A – Income per twelvemonth per family in the INR. N – Cattles owned by each family The mentioned standards are decisive for a biogas palnt undertaking execution.3.2. ObservationsThe Figure2 shows the consequence for Dhandar small town for the reading of informations collected via secondary study. Figure 2: The parametric quantities of observation in the Dhandar small town. Figure 2-a: The parametric quantity W – willingness to put, is being rated on the graduated table of 1-10 for the set of observations from the small town. Figure 2-b: The parametric quantity C – cost of fuel, is being calculated for each household for the set of observations from the small town. Figure 2-c: The parametric quantity A – income per twelvemonth per household ( in INR in 1000s ) , is being calculated for each household for the set of observations from the small town. Figure 2-d: The parametric quantity E – energy required by each household, is being calculated for each household for the set of observations from the small town. Figure 2-e: The parametric quantity N – cowss owned by each family, is being calculated for each household for the set of observations from the small town. Figure 2-f: The parametric quantity P – subsequent cognition of the biogas works, is being rated on the graduated table of 1-5 for the set of observations from the small town. On the similar evidences, the information was collected for the other nine small towns and analysis was done.3.3. Description of mathematical theoretical accountThe footing of information gathered in the survey-2, a numerical theoretical account was formulated with 1 employee, and five independent variables [ 4 ] . The handiness of investment-W is the dependent variable and independent parametric quantities, the figure of cowss per household-N, the one-year income, anterior cognition of biogas workss, energy PE demand, the monetary value of fuel-C are independent variables. W = degree Fahrenheit ( A, P, C, E, N ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . ( 2 ) W = 0.189 x ln [ ( A ) 2 + 1.216 ] + 0.541P + 0.287 ten e0.178C + 0.134 x ( 0.312 x E2 + 1.147 x E ) + 0.201 ten ln ( 2.916 x N ) aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ( 3 ) Where, W – A Will to put in a biogas works. the appraisal was done on a graduated table of 1-10 on the footing of a questionnaire. C – Fuel cost per twenty-four hours per family in the INR. P – Appraisal on a graduated table of 1-5 of a Prior cognition of biogas workss E -The ratio of the energy required for readying of family and the household members. A – Income per twelvemonth per family in the INR. N – Cattles owned by each family Benchmark sizes for household-based biogas leaf in India, 1m3, 2m3, 3m3 and 4m3 severally. But took the on the whole accepted 3m3 DeenBandhu fixed dome biogas works theoretical account, which has sold more units in India. His power is sufficient to run into basic energy demands of the kitchen for a household in India. Co-relation between the size and has earned the enfranchisement Certified 1.26 per three-dimensional metre in the figure of fixed dome type biogas works. This is calculated utilizing the UNFCCC, small-scale methodological analysis AMS-III.R [ 5 ] applies to the territory Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India.3.4. Model applicationThe map gives the value of willingness to put in a family biogas works, which lies in the scope of 1 to 10. With this value, it is possible to gauge the figure of old ages the biogas works should be sustained to do the undertaking economically executable. The theoretical account application is as follows: For a peculiar family the willingness to put calculated from the proposed mathematical theoretical account is- † K † where K is an whole number from 1-10. The cost of a 3m3 Deenbandhu biogas works is INR 11,000 ( including installing cost ) . The figure of CERs ( Certified Emission Reductions ) per biogas works of size 3cum is 3.48 [ 5 ] .3.5. Sensitivity AnalysisThe order parametric quantity scope for each parametric quantity was calculated utilizing Eq. 4. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. ( 4 )__This rank order parametric quantity indicates whether we are negociating positive important extra costs for big negative or little positive extra incremental costs for little extra negative [ 6 ] . The sensitiveness analysis on the map it was found that energy demand has been puting the highest rank of the parametric quantity ( Fig. 3 ) . Parameters such as fuel cost and anterior cognition was besides important. Parameters, viz. the figure of cowss and the mean monthly income is less dominant than other parametric quantities known in progress, the monetary value of fuel and energy demands. Calculations for a sample family in rural India with the following parametric quantities: Annual Income = INR 13200 Cpst of fuel per twenty-four hours = INR 7 Number of Cattle = 2 Prior cognition of Biogas workss = 3.5 Energy Needs = 6 From the mathematical theoretical account, the willingness to put is calculated to be, k = 6.99. Therefore the figure of old ages, the works should be sustainable = 2.81 old ages. Sum of money paid by the husbandman: ( R/10 ) x 11000. Accessory cost per biogas works including CDM enrollment cost, DOE confirmation cost, care cost is assured to be 20 % of each biogas works cost. Effective cost of each biogas works = INR 13200. Sum of money to be got from C credits = [ ( 10-k ) x 13200 ] /10 The monetary value of CERs = 10USD = INR 447.4 The figure of old ages the biogas works should be sustained = [ ( 10 – Roentgen ) x 13200 ] / [ 10 x 447.2 x3.48 ] Figure 3: Senstivity Analysis Willingness to put in a biogas works Investing will depend on the parametric quantities of one-year income, preliminary informations, the cost of fuel, it needs energy and the figure of animate beings. While the rural population in India will hold an acute energy crisis, the willingness to put in renewable energy such as biogas is important. They are easy to raw cow droppings, and proficient aid expertness to run the staff of families in biogas workss. This besides saves the cost of procurance of fuel per twenty-four hours as wood, coal, kerosine, etc. Unlike community biogas works, which will confront many obstructions for the installing and the production of biogas can be used in personal considerations of the household. The preparedness to put ( W ) in biogas depends on the undermentioned parametric quantities: Energy demands: Energy demands is the most dominant factor in the willingness to put in biogas workss in rural India. Energy needs is considered straight relative to the figure of people at place that is about 6 in rural India. electricity supply in most parts of rural India is limited to 6-8 hours per twenty-four hours. The current energy beginnings are deficient to run into turning energy demands of rural India. Hence the desire invest in a biogas works which serves as an first-class alternate beginning of energy is really high. Cost of fuel: The cost of fuel is besides a cardinal variable in the willingness to put in biogas workss in rural India. Due to miss of power and the turning energy demands, alternate energy beginnings such as kerosine, coal and wood became expensive. Spend a important part of their limited income on fuel markets is earnestly impacting the quality of life of rural India. When the fuel cost becomes a dominant parametric quantity willingness to put in a biogas works. Anterior Knowledge: Prior cognition of the biogas works is besides a dominant variable in the willingness of invest.The anterior cognition was assessed on the footing of a questionnaire on a graduated table of 1 to 5 The deficiency of anterior cognition was a major obstruction in the spread of biogas workss in rural India. Therefore, prior cognition has a important part in the will put. Annual Income: The mean one-year income of rural India is low compared to their urban India. Consequently, the rural multitudes are non able to exchange to more expensive beginnings of energy such as LPG ( liquefied crude oil gas ) . The sum to be invested in the biogas works is low-cost for the rural multitudes and carnal fecal matters entry demands is available at a nominal cost. Therefore the part of the twelvemonth grosss for the constitution of the will to put is non important. If the income from C credits is included, the importance of one-year income to cut down farther. Number of cowss: India has 289 million cowss [ 7 ] , and as a consequence of cow droppings are widely available and a nominal monetary value. As a consequence, fewer cows does non impact the handiness of household to put significantly.3.6. Mistake AnalysisValuess predicted by the theoretical account mistake is about 10 % ( Figure 4 ) . This suggests that the theoretical account is much more accurate. There are five sets of informations that is outside this border of mistake of 10 % . These are the random mistakes due to defective observations. Figure 4: Mistake Analysis aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ †¦ ( 5 ) The standard divergence ( SD ) is calculated by the undermentioned expression, aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ( 6 ) The mean per centum mistake is 0.17468341 and the standard divergence is 0.076910884. DecisionThis theoretical account can be applied to all small towns in India, to cipher the figure of old ages, families programmatic CDM undertaking based on the biogas must be maintained so that the returns from the sale of C accumulated by the undertaking makes the undertaking economically feasible. The parametric quantities used to cipher the willingness to put in biogas can be obtained straight from the Census of India. The proviso of agencies to put in biogas workss to run into turning energy demands of small towns in Jhunjhunu territory, Rajasthan, India, is high. The mean value of 6.64 is ready to put in a graduated table of 1 to 10. So that the willingness to put average = 6.64, for many old ages, the biogas works would be to accomplish sustainable profitableness = 3.14 old ages. Demand for energy is the most dominant factor in the willingness to put in a biogas works. It besides means that rural India is presently confronting a immense energy shortage. Cost of fuel and knows the significance through Before the willingness to put in a biogas works. The one-year figure of cowss and is comparatively less with regard to the willingness to put. Outgo on fuel nest eggs through the permutation of biogas is non taken into history. If this sum is included, the biogas works undertaking on the family becomes more economically advantageous.

Pygmalion effect Essay

Would you go under the knife to enhance your career opportunities? Why or why not?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If financial resources are not an issue, it would be best to consider cosmetic surgery if doing it would make a people feel more confident about themselves. While the idea of obtaining skills and looking good can uplift chances for career advancement, physical appearance has become a primary source of confidence for everyone. Hirsch (1988) indicated that cosmetic surgery, good dental care, hair transplants, and anti-wrinkle drugs have been ways not only to improve social lives, but also to enhance career opportunities. Most people now view that the price of cosmetic surgery has become reasonable to think that the results would increase their self confidence and marketability at work. In a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS), they indicated that 43 percent of cosmetic surgeons said most male patients were undergoing procedures for career reasons. Actually men would choose nonsurgical procedures often like fat injections, Botox injections and microdermabrasion than surgical procedures because these permit them to return to work very quickly. In an interview, cosmetic Surgeon William Silver said that 10 percent of his male patients tell him they â€Å"want cosmetic surgery to ensure they aren’t overlooked when it comes time for a promotion† (Palmquist, 2004). Some researchers also revealed that physical improvements definitely produce greater psychological and emotional benefits, which would help a person enhance his or her career path. More research claim that doors are more open to really good-looking people (Crampton and Jitendra, 1995). This is why there is no harm in availing cosmetic surgery to look good and feel confident when it means it will make you a happier and more productive individual that would translate to greater chances to notch better opportunities at work. What negative stereotypes are fueling the use of cosmetic surgery to change ones appearance? It is said that stereotypes can often lead to poor decisions, can create barriers for people like women, older individuals, people of color, and people with disabilities, and can undermine loyalty and job satisfaction (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004). In case of using cosmetic surgery to change appearance, the negative stereotype working is that the concept of better looking people are better workers than plain looking people. This concept of being biased to appearance can apply to age discrimination too, where younger people tend to ignore or put down ideas provided by older people because they think it’s not applicable anymore or â€Å"old school†.   This is why most aging workers would choose to go under the knife because they do not want to appear older and keep up with the younger competition. To what extent does the Pygmalion effect, Galatea effect, and Golem effect play a role in this case? Explain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love with the statue he made that he prayed to Aphrodite to make this statue a real person. Aphrodite heeded the request of Pygmalion and the statue became real, in the person of Galatea. The essence of this story in our case is that Pygmalion effect or self-fulfilling prophecy maintained that people’s expectations or beliefs determine their behavior and performance, thus serving to make their expectations come true. In short, people strive to validate our perceptions of reality, no matter how faulty they may be. Thus, the self-fulfilling prophecy is a vital perceptual outcome we need to better understand because it can make or break any employee’s self-concept and achievement (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The self-fulfilling prophecy can explain the results of how bigger expectations can turn out to benefit the regular workers to obtain their maximum potential. Kreitner and Kinicki (2004) presented a model (Figure 1) that attempted to outline how supervisory expectations affect employee performance. It exhibited that â€Å"high supervisory expectancy produces better leadership (linkage 1), which subsequently leads employees to develop higher self-expectations (linkage 2). Higher expectations motivate workers to exert more effort (linkage 3), ultimately increasing performance (linkage 4) and supervisory expectancies (linkage 5)†. Figure 1. Model of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Source: Kreitner and Kinicki, 2004) On the other hand, the term Golem effect represents the negative side of the performance enhancing process. The Golem effect is what you call to a â€Å"loss in performance resulting from low leader expectations†. For example, when a manager sees a tattoo on particular employee and thinks that this employee is a trouble-maker, he or she will be watchful of this characteristic. The employee will soon observe the suspicions of the manager and will soon screw up to validate the ill expectations of the manager. Thus, the Golem effect is the entire opposite of the Pygmalion effect. Based on this case and what you learned in this chapter, do the skills that come with age and experience count for less than appearance in today’s organization? Discuss your rationale. I think that age and experience counts the most than appearance when it comes to knowing the right skills needed in today’s organizations. Although appearance is important, today’s organizations are already frowning upon discriminating people with regards to how they look and their age. It is important that we recognize the fact that everyone has the potential to increase his or her performance, even without undergoing plastic surgery or looking better. It all boils down to how employees feel about themselves, how they respect each other and how satisfied they are in their jobs.   Works Cited Crampton, Suzanne M., and Jitendra M. Mishra. â€Å"Developing and packaging the total corporate image† SAM Advanced Management Journal 60.3 (Summer 1995): 30-40. Hirsch, Jean Edward. â€Å"Vanity prompts more people to risk plastic surgery despite cost†. New York Times (July 14, 1988). Kreitner, Robert and Kinicki, Angelo. Chapter 7: Social Perception and Attributions, Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004. Palmquist, Susan. â€Å"Handsome ambitions†. Psychology Today 37.4 (July-August 2004): 33.

Innovation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation Management - Essay Example Emphasising this particular concern, the aim of this paper is to explore the strategies adopted by Apple, to counter the competitive influences caused by the innovative strategies taken by Samsung and Google as the major competitors in the industry. Accordingly, due significance will be delivered to the various types of innovative strategies, such as offensive, defensive, imitative, dependent and traditional & opportunist tactics as used or can be used by Apple to overcome the competition challenges. Conclusively, the discussion of the paper will be intended towards developing a 5 years strategic planning, reflecting upon the presently applied strategies, future possible strategies and imbibing new technologies in its currently ongoing practices. Setbacks of Apple in Comparison to the Innovative Strategies Adopted by Samsung and Google Samsung and Goggle are two of the leading brands in the information technology market currently. These organisations can be observed to have taken con siderable plunge towards the application of innovative strategies in order to gain a leadership positioning in the industry context and beat Apple as a competitor in the same. They have not only flooded the market with new innovative and attractive products, but have also been highly focused on understanding customer demand and responding to their changing buying behaviour with efficiency (AFP, 2013). As a consequence, Google was able to obtain a considerable influence on the competitive forces in the oligopolistic market structure of the industry. Similarly, Samsung also believes in rapid innovation concerning the pace of technology advancement in the current phenomenon where the lifecycle of the products are much shortened owing to the imitative strategies practiced by the competitive brands. Samsung appeals to a larger market by providing the customers with a variety of Information Technology (IT) gadgets such as smartphones, tablets, and breathalysers. Assessing the past perform ance of the company, it can be affirmed that Samsung has been doing well in the low-end market and has recently began to expand its presence in the high-end market, giving a tough competition to the already existing brands including Google and Apple. Illustrative, its market share increased to 36% in Q2 of 2011 from about 18% in the same quarter of 2010. While Google has been able to obtain market success based on its product versatility, even though its serves with a limited number of products as compared to Apple and Samsung, Samsung’s success has been mostly driven by its innovative strategies to keep expanding its product line, improving on the basis of differentiation prospects. Replicating the oligopolistic structure of the industry, Samsung also attempts to work in collaboration with other IT companies, including Google to practice innovative strategies and gain competitiveness in the market. For instance, Samsung is renowned as the largest adopter of Google Android so ftware and also a leading supply chain partner of Microsoft Incorporation whereby its major proportion of

Death penalty information center. Web site evaluation Essay

Death penalty information center. Web site evaluation - Essay Example The life of a human being, or for that matter any animate being, has an inalienable right of dignity and sustenance irrespective of whether social law dictates otherwise. According to this fact, no man has the right to kill another living being regardless of the intention. The system of capital punishment is a brutal ideology, which instead of respecting the value of life, forces upon us an artificial perspective of legality which tries to prove that punishing a criminal with a similar crime is ethical. There are several groups and resources in and around the world that voice their disapproval of this method of punishment and which shows us clearly that even though the penal code of justice was designed by man to streamline society, many of its nuances do not have complete consent of the society it is trying to protect. Among the various websites advocating the abolishment of the death penalty, one which stands out is the Death Penalty Information Center having abundant information o n the subject as well as all the ongoing campaigns being worked out in the various states of America. The choice of this website is based on the evaluation criteria that have been selected to judge its relevancy and results in the field of legal amendments to the section of the penal code on capital punishment. Among the criteria used in evaluating the website, first and foremost is the accuracy of the information and the credibility of the site authorities, following which is the periodicity of the available information and last but not the least are the proffered methods by which the general public can contribute to the cause as well as make use of the tremendous detail of reports on death penalty. On the initial visit to the DPIC website, one is amazed at the level of proficiency with which the subject of capital punishment is dealt with and would definitely be impressed by the amount of work that has gone into the preparation and maintenance of the site. It is clear that the concerned personnel behind DPIC are not amateurs and to validate this detail, the visitor is presented with an exemplary Board of Directors list when the 'Contact' or 'About DPIC' link is clicked. In very many cases we find that a professional and business like website lacks the simplistic feel and ease of getting around for a general visitor, but DPIC is so neatly designed to make the visitor comfortable in accessing the information in an organized fashion. The extensive information provided has been cited from various newspapers articles, books and television that were cross checked and found to be legitimate. The media sources are multifarious and give an authentic impression of the view subscribed by people from various walks of life about the death penalty. Clippings from news broadcasts, interviews and radio talk shows as well as a wealth of videos enables us to analyze real life accounts of families of murder victims and death row prisoners as to how the law is framed in injustice for what is being done. There maybe instances where visitors to DPIC may feel bombarded with vast amounts of information and statistical data, although not a single one of them deviates from the central theme of abolishment of the death penalty. But what we must keep in mind while analyzing the claims of this advocacy website as being a leader among other sites pertaining to the same subject, is that the expected visitor is more likely to be a relation or an acquaintance of a murder victim or a death row inmate, a student interested in the field of law or a researcher in social demographics with respect to crime and punishment. The statistical information provided, when the 'Facts' link is clicked, is vital to any research candidate and the thoroughly organized manner in which the information is laid out on the site is beneficial to quick finds and relevant gathering of data.

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example This is precisely what makes them so promising: the ability and the developing technology to regenerate much-needed body parts. What makes stem cell research so problematic however is the fact that embryonic stem cells, those that come from human fetal tissue, are the best source of stem cells. More significantly, the embryo is destroyed when stem cells are harvested. On the other hand, there are good arguments in favor of stem cell research. Primary is the undeniable need for human organs, a need that is not met by simply relying on organ donation. Other sources for organs are needed. Animal-to-human transplants are highly problematic both scientifically and ethically, and hence cannot be the preferred solution. The shortage for human organs makes underhanded organ sales in the black market profitable and widespread. Further, there are patients who are suffering from neurological conditions that can be helped greatly by regenerative technology. If the above can be addressed using do nated fetal tissue, then there is a strong argument in favor of stem cell research because of the potential for promoting the greatest good for the greatest number. It should be noted however, that there are also strong moral reasons for arguing against stem cell research. The primary reason is the seeming devaluation of human life as indicated by the term â€Å"harvest†, in itself a loaded term, signifying an act that turns a human embryo into a commodity. Second, there is a significant degree of moral reprehensibility in the act of manipulating an entity that is already a potential human being, treating it as a means to achieve other ends. These two premises harp on the notion of intrinsic value, that certain acts have inherent moral worth, as opposed to the aforementioned argument in favor of stem cell research that focuses on the projected beneficial

Television and Cultural Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Television and Cultural Change - Essay Example One can dispute this claim by looking at the UK TV programme, ‘Crossroads’. With time, the definition of social classes has become dilute, as people no longer act in ways that show their social belonging. This paper seeks to explore the history of social class, taste and capitalism. At the end, be able to establish whether there is a link between the different phenomena. In the twelfth century, most people lived in, the villages, as opposed to the few who lived in the towns. The town dwellers consisted of skilled labourers who the nobles paid for their upkeep for the various jobs they did. A great pandemic reduced the population significantly and led to few skilled labourers in towns. The nobles wooed people from the villages to come work in the towns by giving the skilled labourers a wage for the work done. With time, skilled labourers in the towns became rich, were able to leave the skilled labour, and became traders. This led to the development of trade to the extent that different nations traded with each other. Merchants came up, and they started investing their money to buy goods and sell them in a different place. This was how capitalism started and developed. Capitalism is a financial system where individuals or corporations solely do investment and make profits. In this economy, the private sector has the right to produce, dispense and exchange wealth without any interference. In capitalism, the government does not control or interfere with the making or distribution of the wealth of individuals (Holland, 1997). The system that controls the economy is the market prices of the goods as well as the profits incurred. Unlike the working class, the people that belong to the capitalism class do not get wages and money for their abilities. Instead, the capitalism class gets money and profits from what they produce and

Online environments require and encourage a different way of working Essay

Online environments require and encourage a different way of working and studying. Critically discuss whether you agree with this statement, supporting your a - Essay Example The proliferation and sophistication of the Internet makes it possible to establish online learning and instruction domains that can be accessed by learners belonging to various age groups, irrespective of their gender. Thus the Internet has evolved into a pedagogical tool, through which education can be imparted to learners. Online learning constitutes a education that is challenging, in comparison to conventional classroom learning. This type of education requires the use of computers as the delivery vehicle. Consequently, students who are desirous of learning online must possess the skills to operate computers and they must be familiar with computer technologies2. The significant characteristic of this computerized learning medium is interactivity. This characteristic enables the users of computers to modify, change and manipulate the on screen objects. The software programmes are designed to allow such manipulations by the users. Computers that are connected to the internet provide users with an opportunity to communicate with other users across the world. Moreover, the developers and researchers of computer – based education are chiefly concerned with three major aspects involved in interactivity. First, support provided for online learning courses. Secondly, the opportunity of interaction with the content and learning material available online and lastly, the ability of the learners to access, manipulate, synthesise and communicate content information3. The other factors of concern include interaction with instructors, the ability of participants to communicate with tutors and receive their comments and observations, and interaction with other online learners. All these factors promote the development of an active learning community. The traditional classrooms have a well established teacher – student relationship. The students feel the presence of the teacher and there will be a face – to – face

Conestoga-Rovers and Associates Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conestoga-Rovers and Associates - Case Study Example For that reason, organizations implement strategies that aim at empowering employees to perform their duties with an innate drive and freedom to interact with each other. A company can enhance the productivity of its workers through creating a good environment over which they can interact with their colleagues productively as well as ensure a friendly atmosphere. Conestoga-Rovers and Associates as well as other companies have a purpose in their attempt to facilitate several social events that influence the working environment for their employees. Influencing the working environment has indirect effect on the productivity of an organization as well as a direct one on the morale of employees and therefore, many of them perform with a positivistic attitude. Companies have various reasons why they influence the working environment for employees and that cause them put a lot of investment to achieve it and therefore, improve productivity. Conestoga-Rovers and Associates Company creates a positive working environment so that it can improve the morale of its employees as they deliver their services to the company. The company invests in improving the working environment with the understanding that it is likely to perform well when employees are happy. A moralized employee has high commitment to the activities of the company and takes his or her responsibilities so that he or she can ensure success of the company. In many circumstances, motivated employees are committed to the improvement of the working environments because they develop a sense of ownership to the activities of the company (Nyp, 2007). On the other hand, creating satisfaction mood in employees ensures that all the employees can protect the properties of the company for which they are working and reducing the chances of the company making losses. Creating a positive working environment enhances retention of highly performing employees and builds their loyalty to the management and the administrators of the company. In a company that allows employees freedom, growth and interactive platforms for doing their day to day activities, highly performing workers are likely stay for long. Employees are likely to stay because they feel that the company for which they work values their services by creating an environment for improvement of skills and refreshing their bodies after a period of continuous work. In Conestoga-Rovers and Associates, employees have enough time to spend in social activities on regular bases, which makes employees to break their monotony of regular working (Nyp, 2007). Companies manage its working environment so that it can attract highly qualified employees who are likely to improve its productivity in case of a vacancy. Conestoga-Rovers and Associates Company or any other company improves working environment as way of creating a competitive advantage in the market in the process of acquiring new employees for the company. Employees that work in a company that has a positive working environment act as ambassadors with good information to the labor market for which the company fetches new employees (Nyp, 2007). When there is a vacancy and the company advertises and attracts a large number of candidates, it gives the management an easy time to select the best for a job from a large pool of applicants. Question 2 In order for a company to provide services that are unique from the ones that other companies offer, it has to evaluate the various factors that characterize it workforce. On the other hand, a company may consider its monetary potential to offer motivations to its employee according to their number and the size of the perks they want to provide to them. To achieve the goal of giving perks that its employees value, Conestoga-Rovers

International comparisons of stock market volatility Essay

International comparisons of stock market volatility - Essay Example Even researchers and practitioners have made modeling of stock volatility a subject of empirical and theoretical study. Historically, stock market volatility is approximately 20% per annum and 5.8% per month even though periods of high and low volatilities are experienced. During the financial crisis, there was a 50 percent drop in stock prices. The effects of the crisis are still being felt due to increased public and private debt, levels of unemployment and global capitalism. The governments are doing their best to prevent and contain the situation buy formulating new policies and reforming major sectors. Volatility measures the degree of variability between stock prices. In other words, it determines the degree of deviation between the current price of an asset and the average past price. To understand volatility, it is important to take a look at the nature and trends of global markets and the correlation of the stock market returns. For many investors, volatility is a risk, thus , it is to be taken into consideration in analyzing their portfolios. Some of the factors that lead to volatility include changes in technology, new financial instruments such as derivatives and the increased integration of global markets. Volatility is measurable, and the commonly used measure is Chicago Board Options Exchange Index (CBOE) of implied (VIX) volatility. In this paper, we will use a sample of 19 emerging markets economies (EMEs) and developed market in Europe, Latin America, Middle East and Asia as a basis of comparison on the stock market’s volatility. Most of the previous research papers focused on regional and local stock markets but due to the national integration that is linking markets globally, we use will compare countries from different continents (Beirne et al 2008). Nature of stock markets in emerging and developed markets Global markets consist of emerging and developed stock markets. A few studies have been done to examine the characteristics of em erging markets. According to these studies, emerging markets are characterized by higher average returns, low correlations with developed markets, higher volatility and more predictability of returns (Chukwuogor 2008). Their main argument was that volatility in emerging markets is high and difficult especially in the segmented markets. Segmented markets are influenced by local factors. Their returns tend to be skewed and highly non-normally distributed. Volatility in emerging markets has been declining following capital market capitalization. The correlation in emerging markets is quite higher than in the developed markets due to lack of diversification and trading depths (Chukwuogor 2008). The volatility in these markets is highly influenced by social, political, economic factors. Data and methodology The studies also focused only on the emerging markets and not developed markets. We will use daily returns and volatilities of such returns for the 19 countries using data from 2001 t o 2009. We use the GARCH model to determine the means and variances of stock returns in these countries. The Standard and Poor (S & P) index is used to rank the countries. Below is a table showing the emerging and developed markets. TABLE 1 Country Index USA S&P 500 UK FTSE 100 France CAC 40 Germany DAX 30 Xetra Australia All Ordinaries China/Hong kong Hang Seng Singapore Strait Times Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Composite Thailand stock exchange of Thailand China Shanghai

Schindlers List Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schindlers List - Movie Review Example The plot of Schindler’s List runs on multiple accounts under the overall parasol of German atrocities on Jews, but at the core of film is rooted on the transformational narrative of a corrupt and flamboyant German businessman named Oskar Schindler (Liam Neeson) into an unexpected hero for the Jews. In the event of German capture of Poland in 1939, Oskar moves to Krakow in hopes of establishing a business with the help of local Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern (Ben Kingsley). Initially to prosper but eventually to rescue Nazi victims, Oskar bribes the brutal SS Lieutenant Amon Goth (Ralph Fiennes). The documentary style of the story, scripted by Steven Zaillian that is based on Thomas Keneally’s book Schindler’s Ark, excels in describing what had actually happened. Since, not much was written about Oskar Schindler (Manchel, 1995 March), Zaillian had the flexibility to mould the character in the best possible manner. The essence of story would not have been captured in the movie that well if it were not because of powerful and gripping performances given by the cast. Liam Neeson’s portrayal Oskar, an enigmatic entrepreneur, with a carefree attitude exudes confidence and empathy. To the other extreme is Ralph Fiennes’ Goth character, a psychopath and cold Nazi official. The third arc, Stern essayed by Ben Kingsley has been portrayed as a calculative businessman with a hidden agenda to save lives. Minor roles such as Helen Hirsch (Embeth Davidtz) - the object of Goth’s lust and the Jewish couple that marries in the concentration camp helped recreate images of humiliation, grief and torture, often providing useful insights about the cultural chasm created at the time. The powerhouse of acting in the film coupled with equally powerful technical expertise in filmmaking provides audience the desired effect of being right there in Krakow, 1939. A variety of visual and auditory techniques have been used to inject right emotions in each frame. Using real locations, Krakow (Poland), Aushwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (Poland) and Jerusalem, Israel (The Internet Movie Database, 1993), Spielberg enhance movie’s claims of authenticity and credibility. The settings of dark and damp Aushwitz camp, kitchenware factory of Krakow or the posh German nightclub by production designer Allan Starski add authenticity to the story’s interest. For example, a stark duality between two back-to-back scenes, one detailing Oskar’s rich wardrobe and the other of thousands of Jews entering Krakow provides to audience an apt visualization of the two worlds of Germans and Jews. Adding to the set-design, costumes by designer Anna Sheppard also highlights the stark brutalities amongst powerful and the powerless. Oskar’s movie star possessions, Nazi uniforms, German women’s chic dresses and innocent captives’ modest clothing opinionates viewers towards what the director is narrating. The monochr omatic palette transports the viewer to that era by switching from the riches to the ghettos, and from the ghettos to the camps. Despite the fact that the film is in black-and-white, specific use of color has been used 5 times to bring viewer’

Tiger Beer Essay Example for Free

Tiger Beer Essay Launched in 1932, Tiger Beer became Singapores first locally brewed beer. It is a 5% abv bottled pale lager. As APBs exclusive flagship brand, it is available in more than 60 countries worldwide including the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and various countries in the Middle East, Europe and Latin America. ] Distribution ? APB has breweries in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, India, Sri Lanka, Laos and Mongolia. The company has a strong market share in several countries within the Asia Pacific Region, primarily in Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. ? In Malaysia, Tiger Beer is produced and marketed by Guinness Anchor Berhad (GAB). ? In the USA, Tiger Beer’s brand is well known in New York and San Francisco. ? In the UK, Tiger Beer can be found in more than 8,000 premium bars/clubs and distribution outlets in its major cities. ? Tiger Beer gained considerable popularity in Detroit in October 2006 due to the Detroit Tigers Baseball Teams entrance into the 2006 World Series. SWOT [pic] Brand position Brand Positioning as is seen from the communications of the Brand selected and their major competition Position Tiger beer as a brand and product that will allow consumers to STAND OUT with Tiger beer. The STAND OUT with Tiger beer campaign idea demonstrates how consumers can beunique, cool and contemporary. With great innovation on the product, it aims at reaching out toconsumers ¶ wants and needs. The strategy was executed mainly in the digital social space withendorsements from key opinion leaders and social influencers online. According to Synovate,perception of Tiger as a beer for good times and fun increased by 14 per cent; an additional 12per cent of consumers described the beer as one my friends approved of; and consumption among young adults increased by six per cent. Competitive Analysis Model The competition faced by Tiger Beer versus its competitors is analyzed using Porter s Five Forces Model to explain Tiger Beer competitive position and strategic advantages. [pic] Competitive Rivalry. The intensity of rivalry helps decide the extent of the value of brands and products in which will create head -to-head competition. It also determines the attractiveness of the industry. Tiger Beer is internationally renowned to be an exotic beer with high quality control. There are many other international beers such as Heineken, Carlsberg, Suntory and Tsingtao etc. With so many brands available, it will create a competitive industry. Their prices te nd to be similar and competition focuses on advertising, promotion and product development. Tiger Beer faces strong competitors and fight for higher market share through Differentitation. The traditional approach often takes to keep in terest and increase consumption is by advertising, POS materials and other promoters. Tiger Beer stands out by appealing to consumer and generates interest in its brand. Tiger Beer targets younger consumers which associate themselves with brands that are seen as cool and trendy by organizing a  µstand out with Tiger Beer ¶ campaign i. e. introduction of three designer bottles based on artistic and music themes. Tiger Beer also in touch with community of over 20,000 Tiger fans in Facebook that created more buzz and had fans share their views plus other activities in bloggers, Twitter, Flicker and YouTube. Threat of New Entrants In every industry, existing and potential competitors play a part in its profitability. The threat of new entrants is highly dependable on industry entry barriers. Newer brands such as Cheese Beer and Corn Beer have emerged. They all has managed to keep transportation cost low and hence, is able to keep beer prices at minimal. Cheese Beer The US Miller Beer Company develops beer which has the unique rich milk fragrance and light malt taste which is very delicious. It is made of the lacto -protein whey as main raw material, malts, and hops which ferments to produce the cheese beer. Corn BeerJapan launched the corn beer, a corn-based materials which is pure in taste,limpid color, low alcohol, low calorie, high in protein, vitamins and effective in human nutrition. Threat of Substitutes The threat that can subst itute a product highly depends on the price allocated to the product and its performance. This allows consumers to turn to different products to satisfy the same basic need. In the beverage industry, there are many substitutes product to Tiger Beer. Wine and hard liquor is highly available on the market. On other extreme, a substitute can be simply a Coca-Cola or a cup of coffee. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The ability to charge customers different prices with differences in the value created for those buyers usually indicates that the market is characterized by high supplier power. Tiger Beer minimize the power of suppliers through close coop eration with the raw materials suppliers and thus minimize the cost impact. Bargaining Power of Buyers With many other brands in the market, consumers have a large variety of brands to choose from. Many bars and restaurants usually carry several brands of beers. However, through effective marketing and promotion, Tiger Beer create the demand for its products and w ith that value instilled in the name, many bars and club will want to carry the brand . Entry to new market. The Indian beer market is in the focus of many players. The latest entry is the launch of Tiger beer, a fine beer brand Indians who have visited Singapore or Thailand might know already. The beer is also not totally new to the Indian beer market, as it was imported into India, but was only made available at exclusive premium outlets. India is the 10th country in the Asia Pacific region where the award-winning Tiger will be brewed, Asia Pacific Breweries Aurangabad Limited (APBAL), a subsidiary of Asia Pacific Breweries Limited (APB), said during the launch of Tiger beer in Mumbai. Tiger was first brewed in 1932, and is today available in more than 60 countries. In view of Indias growing beer market, rising disposable incomes of the consumers and favourable demographics, it is timely that we now offer Tiger as a premium option to the many discerning Indian drinkers who are becoming increasingly experimental in making an informed choice. Other brands offered by APB in India are Barons Strong Brew and Cannon 10000 which cater to the strong beer segment of the Indian beer market, whereas Tiger is positioned for those consumers who want a lower alcohol content. In additional,tiger beer expanding in Canada and successful entry into the United States. Molson, the largest beer importer in Canada, is set to market, distribute and sell the brew originating in Singapore, which is now available only in Ontario and British Columbia. Canadians consume the equivalent of 7 billion cans of beer annually. That is 33 times the size of the Singapore beer market. Positioning itself as a premium pan-Asian beer, Tiger is aiming to carve out a niche for itself in the North American market.

Discovering philosophy. Structure of Personality Essay Example for Free

Discovering philosophy. Structure of Personality Essay Structure of Personality Introduction The Components The Id            According to Freud, the id is unconscious behavior of human beings which are considered to be primitive as well as instinctive and one is born with id (White, 1996). Under this component, there is the need for satisfaction to the needs to be provided immediately, the desire and the variouswants that human beings have. When one fails to satisfy these needs and wants, it leads to tension and anxiety. Freud observed that id tends to resolve or remove the tension and anxiety brought by the pleasure principle through imagination. The Ego            The Ego is another component of personality in humans and according to Freud; it is involved in dealing with real issues in life of human beings. The ego ensures that the people are able to express the impulse of id in a manner that is considered acceptable and realistic in the real world(White, 1996). The ways through which id impulses are satisfied need to be socially acceptable and realistic based on the principle of reality. The costs and the consequences of the actions in satisfying the pleasure principle are considered before making a decision. Superego            The final component as identified by Freud on personality structure is the superego. This is considered to be the aspect which holds all the ideals and moral standards that human beings possess internally(White, 1996). The moral standards and ideals are acquired from the society and parents, giving human beings the sense of what is right and what is considered to be wrong. The ability of human beings to make judgment on issues in life comes from the guidelines provided by superego and this, according to Freud, starts at about the age of five years(White, 1996). According to Freud, there are two primary parts of superego which include ego ideal as well as the conscience. Ego ideal is concerned with good behavior while conscience is for bad behavior. Reference White, T. I. (1996). Discovering philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Source document

Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the US

Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the US The Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the United States Crystal Mullen ASSIGNMENT: Research the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. What are the leading causes? Why is it important to be aware of them? Write a 4-5 page APA formatted paper discussing your findings. You will need to include a minimum of 3 references to support your findings and opinions. Before beginning this assignment I was thought morbidity and mortality referred to things that are scary, gross and filled with gruesome deaths. I thought that morbidity referred to what I saw on Halloween or some horror movie. As it turns out morbidity refers to: â€Å"the incidence or prevalence of a disease or of all diseases in a population (Medical Dictionary, 2014)† Based on this definition I can see that morbidity is data collected regarding the various diseases that can afflict a population (Diffen, 2014). Furthermore, I saw mortality simply as a fancy way of saying that everyone is going to die. Because my view of mortality was overly simplified, I didn’t appreciate the weightiness of this information: â€Å"Death, especially of large numbers; heavy loss of life (The Free Dictionary, 2014).† Based on this definition, mortality is more than just dying, it’s documenting populations that have died. This data can be separated into different categories: perinatal mortality rate, crude death rate, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, age-specific mortality rate, and standardized mortality rate. Once the data is collected it goes to the National Vital Statistics System so that the information can provide cause of death information based on geography and demographics (Diffen, 2014). Therefore, having an understanding of the difference between morbidity and mortality, I can further research the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Based on what I’ve found, the top five causes of death, or mortality, in the United States are heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, strokes, and accidents. Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has documented that approximately 600,000 individuals will die of heart related illnesses in the United States every year. In fact one of every four individuals will die of heart disease. Furthermore, coronary heart disease, the most common form of heart disease will kill over 385,000 people in the United States this year alone. Finally, though not exhaustively, every year, 715,000 Americans suffer from a heart attack. These are simply the statistics for heart disease (CDC, 2014). There are quite a few risk factors that enable individuals to be susceptible to heart disease. First of all, individuals who smoke, have high blood pressure or high LDL cholesterol. Furthermore, individuals will increase their risk for heart disease if they struggle with a healthy weight, eat unhealthy live a sedentary lifestyle or drink alcohol excessively (CDC, 2014). Sadly because this is the lifestyle of many Americans, they are continuously vulnerable to hearth disease. However, while these risk factors are excessive, there are ways for Americans to reduce their susceptibility to heart disease simply by making healthy food choices that are low in salt and fat and high in fiber and protein. Furthermore, it has been proven that limiting alcohol intake and daily aerobic exercise will lower a person’s blood pressure and LDL cholesterol. These changes will lower a person’s vulnerability to hearth disease (CDC, 2014). The second leading cause of death, mortality, in the United States is cancer. The ten most prevalent in the United States include cancers of the prostate, breast, lung and bronchial, colon and rectum, corpus and uterus, urinary bladder, skin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney and renal pelvis, and cancer of the thyroid (CDC, 2014). At this time there are no explanations why one person will develop cancer while another person won’t. However, there is research that links certain risk factors to a person’s susceptibility to suffer from cancer. Certain risk factors, such as growing older, family history, sunlight, and even certain hormones and radiation may be beyond an individual’s ability to control. However other risk factors, such as excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle, or obesity are risk factors every individual can avoid. Furthermore, annual check-ups with a healthcare clinician can also warn an individual of additional risk factors to avoid (National Cancer Institute, 2014). Chronic lower respiratory disease is the third leading cause of mortality in the US. Chronic lower respiratory disease refers to persistent, continuing diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Examples of Chronic lower respiratory disease includes COPD, Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, and Cystic fibrosis. The symptoms of this disease include are shortness of breath, coughing up blood, chest pain, wheezing, loss of appetite, loss of weight, and bluish discoloration of fingers and lips (Right Diagnosis, 2014). There are quite a few risk factors that increase a person’s chances of chronic lower respiratory disease. Certain risk factors, such as chemical fumes, air pollution, and long term to exposure second hand smoke is beyond a person’s control to prevent. However, risk factors such as smoking can be eliminated so minimize a person’s vulnerability to chronic lower respiratory disease. Strokes are the fourth leading cause of death, mortality, in the United States. Strokes are the equivalent to a heart attack in the brain. This is because the blood vessels in the brain rupture when the blood supply to the brain is blocked. When this happens, brain tissues die and generates a weakness or numbness on half of the body. A stroke is a medical emergency, but with quick treatment to the stroke victim, it is possible for the victim to avoid physical disability and death (CDC, 2014). As with the other causes of morbidity, there are quite a few risk factors of having a stroke that are both within, and beyond an individual’s control. For example, risk factors like family history are beyond an individual’s control. However, behavioral choices such as poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors that can be avoided to reduce a person’s chance for suffering a stroke (CDC, 2014). I believe that because there so many ways to prevent a stroke, this must be the reason why it is the fourth and not the first leading cause of morbidity. Finally, the fifth leading cause of death, mortality in the United States is accidents. There are many forms of fatal accidents including (but not limited to) death by motor vehicle, vehicles, poison, slip-and-fall, choking and even fire. Motor vehicle accidents happen all too quickly and far too easily simply when the drivers get distracted. Car (vehicle) accidents often happen when the driver is doing everything else while driving such as texting, talking on the phone, applying makeup, or even shaving. Poisoning occurs either with tainted food or water, as well as ingesting legal and illegal drugs as well as various pesticides. The most common forms of poison are hydrocodone, heroin, cocaine and even alcohol. Although people do die from falls, this isn’t usually a problem for individuals under 65 years old. Death by fire occur either from carelessness such as a paper close to a fire or perhaps falling asleep while smoking. Finally, just as senior citizens are at the highest risk for falling, toddlers are at the highest risk of choking. So it’s a good idea to remove food or small toys out of a child’s unguarded reach so that they won’t suffer from choking (Listosaur.com, 2011). Based on what I’ve read, all accidents are preventable yet all accidents can be deadly. Conclusion Based on what I’ve read, and based on my own lifestyle, it is very important not only to be aware of risk factors of diseases because I am then armed to prevent them in my life. First of all, if I know risk factors for heart disease include poor eating habits, then I can create a meal plan that is low in salt and fat and high and fiber and protein. Furthermore, if I know that one way to avoid lung cancer is to avoid situations where I’m ingesting second hand smoke, then I know to avoid areas of work where people are taking their smoke break. Finally, though not exhaustively, if I know that a risk factor for a child to choke are innocuous food like grapes, stew meat, or nuts, then I know I need to cut up my little one’s food into tiny bite sizes so that he or she can enjoy the food without obstructing his or her windpipe. Therefore, if I take care of my health, I have a greater chance of living a long and healthy life. References CDC. (2014). Cancer Prevention and Control. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm CDC. (2014). Health Disease. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Center for Disease and Control Prevention (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/ CDC. (2014). Stroke. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ Diffen. (2014). Morbidity vs Mortality. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Diffen: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Morbidity_vs_Mortality Listosaur.com. (2011, July 22). Top 5 Causes of Accidental Death in the United States. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Listosaur.com: http://www.listosaur.com/miscellaneous/top-5-causes-of-accidental-death-in-the-united-states.html Medical Dictionary. (2014). Morbidity Definition. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from The Free Dictioary: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/morbidity National Cancer Institute. (2014). Cancer Causes and Risk Factors. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/causes Right Diagnosis. (2014). Chronic lower respiratory diseases. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Right Diagnosis.com: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/chronic_lower_respiratory_diseases/intro.htm The Free Dictionary. (2014). Mortality Definition. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from The Free Definition: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/mortality

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

The media is full of aids stories these days. Articles in different newspapers and magazines headline the death of celebrities, new aids tests, and controversies about who should be tested, promising advances in the research labs, and frustrating and tragic problems of coping with the disease using the treatments available today. Aids is not only pervading the newspapers and magazines, but the television fare as well, not only the news items and features, but also in dramas sitcoms and soap operas. Aids has become an impetuous monster that has wrapped up society in its terrible claws through the fears it has promoted, the people it has affected, the true reality of the disease and the consequences it has brought upon its prey. With all this media coverage, it seems as though aids is the number one health problem facing the world today. In opinion polls, this disease now rivals cancer and blindness as the health problem most people fear. The pervading of aids have prompted a reassessment of our beliefs and customs and have challenged our laws and social institutions (Mathews 21). At first glance, the statistics do not seem to support this heavy emphasis. The total of all the aids cases reported in the United States has continued to rise, reaching more than 160,000 by the end of 1990, and the number of aids cases worldwide is close to a third of a million (Hull 22). These numbers may seem impressive compared to the number of people who gather to watch a World Series game or the Super Bowl and in reality they are. Yet each year three-quarters of a million Americans die of heart disease and close to a half million die of cancer, while the total of aids related deaths in the United States in 1990 was about 30,000. In 1990, aids ranked 10 among our top leading causes of death. Worldwide, aids tolls are only a fraction of the 200 to 300 million new cases and 2 million deaths from malaria each year (Silverstein 47). Why all the attention to aids, then? It is just the latest media hype, playing on our emotions and needlessly building up our fears? There are several reasons why people have reacted so emotionally to aids. First of all, it is a new disease. Cancer, heart disease, and malaria have been killing people ever since there have been humans on earth, but scientists did not even find out about aids since 1981. AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays The media is full of aids stories these days. Articles in different newspapers and magazines headline the death of celebrities, new aids tests, and controversies about who should be tested, promising advances in the research labs, and frustrating and tragic problems of coping with the disease using the treatments available today. Aids is not only pervading the newspapers and magazines, but the television fare as well, not only the news items and features, but also in dramas sitcoms and soap operas. Aids has become an impetuous monster that has wrapped up society in its terrible claws through the fears it has promoted, the people it has affected, the true reality of the disease and the consequences it has brought upon its prey. With all this media coverage, it seems as though aids is the number one health problem facing the world today. In opinion polls, this disease now rivals cancer and blindness as the health problem most people fear. The pervading of aids have prompted a reassessment of our beliefs and customs and have challenged our laws and social institutions (Mathews 21). At first glance, the statistics do not seem to support this heavy emphasis. The total of all the aids cases reported in the United States has continued to rise, reaching more than 160,000 by the end of 1990, and the number of aids cases worldwide is close to a third of a million (Hull 22). These numbers may seem impressive compared to the number of people who gather to watch a World Series game or the Super Bowl and in reality they are. Yet each year three-quarters of a million Americans die of heart disease and close to a half million die of cancer, while the total of aids related deaths in the United States in 1990 was about 30,000. In 1990, aids ranked 10 among our top leading causes of death. Worldwide, aids tolls are only a fraction of the 200 to 300 million new cases and 2 million deaths from malaria each year (Silverstein 47). Why all the attention to aids, then? It is just the latest media hype, playing on our emotions and needlessly building up our fears? There are several reasons why people have reacted so emotionally to aids. First of all, it is a new disease. Cancer, heart disease, and malaria have been killing people ever since there have been humans on earth, but scientists did not even find out about aids since 1981.

How childhood history and culture affects how we live as adults Essay

Childhood history has a lot to do with how we live as adults because certain childhood events could trigger something that would last a life time. Take for example if a child fails at something and the parent does nothing to help the child, the child will grow up thinking that failing is alright and that he or she will have a hard time in life with their job or in school or life in general. Many events from a persons’ life can stick with the person throughout their life like a thorn in the side. The event will every so often reappear in the persons mind when some event in the present triggers a familiarity with the past event and the person could go in to a state of worry or even worse shock. In this occurrence it could immobilize the person and result in a lackluster in th...

Huckleberry Finn Book Report :: essays research papers

THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN AUTHOR’S SKETCH Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30, 1835, in Florida, Missouri. When Samuel Clemens was four years old, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, where he spent his childhood. Clemens first approach to literature was through typesetting for a newspaper in 1851. At the time Orion, his brother, was a newspaper publisher in Hannibal. From 1857 until 1861, he served as the pilot of a riverboat on the Mississippi River. He later used this experience in creating his novels. His first writings appeared in a newspaper on February 2, 1863 under the pen name “Mark Twain.'; Clemens fell in love with Olivia Langdon and married her in 1870 after a long courtship. The Clemens’ family lived in Hartford, Connecticut from 1871 until 1891, the period of his best writing. In 1872, he published his first book, Roughing It. He published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1876. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, considered his masterpiece of writing, was published in 1885. He received many honors and a great deal of recognition for his writings. Clemens died of Angina on April 21, 1910. MAIN CHARACTERS Huck Finn - the central character of the novel and the son of the town drunk. Jim - Miss Watson’s runaway slave whom Huck helps to gain his freedom. Pap - Huck’s father who comes back to town when he learns about the reward. Tom Sawyer – Huck’s friend who is about his same age. ELEMENTS OF PLOT (1) Setting The setting of Huckleberry Finn was in mid Eighteenth Century America. The first few chapters were set in St. Petersburg, Missouri. The town was patterned after Hannibal, Missouri, where Clemens spent his childhood. It is located on the Mississippi River about 80 miles from St. Louis, Missouri. Most of the novel’s setting is on the Mississippi River south of St. Petersburg. (2) Beginning Situation Huck Finn, a boy of about 12 years, was the son of the town drunk. Widow Douglas adopted him so that she could civilize him and raise him to be a gentleman. Huck did not like going to school, attending church or dressing up. Tom Sawyer, Ben Rogers, and Joe Harper were his friends at the local school. Huck and Tom found a treasure hidden by bank robbers and were allowed to keep six thousand dollars each, for themselves, as a reward. Huck’s father heard about his son’s treasure and returned to St.

Parents Need Help Essay

In today’s society parents are faced with a critical parenting question that was not necessary 20 years ago; which video games should I let my children play? Parenting is tough enough without having to deal with a child that gets upset because he cannot play a certain video game that all of his friends are playing. The values that children are raised to believe in are those of their parents, not those of the city, state or country they live in, and those family values are the most important values a child will learn. Some very influential people in our society believe that the government should be able to dictate what a child is or is not allowed to play or watch. Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich believes that â€Å"Parenting is hard work and the state has a compelling interest in helping parents raise their children to be upstanding men and women. † (Whitehead, 2005). Some studies show that these violent and sexually explicit video games provide â€Å"harmful effects ranging from health problems to violent behavior. † (Rutgers University Law – Newark, 2012). The completed studies and comments from government officials have very informative information and hard evidence to support their statement of â€Å"Parents Need Help†. As detailed in many articles and polls, one of the major problems with parents allowing their child to play violent or sexually explicit video games is covered in a 2013 Harris Poll. â€Å"The findings underscore the lack of awareness Americans have about the video game rating system, as well as confusion in the market†, said Mike de Vere, President of Harris Poll. PRNewswire, 2013). If parents took the time to understand the video game rating system like they understand a movie rating, they would be better informed as to what each game consist of. Parents have no problem letting a young child watch an â€Å"R† rated movie that shows violence and sexual activity, but if that same child is showing violent tendencies or sexual behaviors they are quick to blame video games for the behavior. Many American children spend a large amount of time playing video games. As a parent, you may be confused as to whether these games are beneficial or not† (http://www. thefreelibrary. com, 2008). If a parent takes the time to review what each of the video game ratings are and what material will be in the video games along with reemphasizing family values there would be less political emphasis on parenting. There has been violent and sexual behavior from children in a ysfunctional and functional home, but if a parent takes the time to ensure their child understands the difference between fiction (video games), reality (everyday life) and monitors their child’s behavior less of these violent outburst would occur. Movies provide the same access to violence and sexual behavior as video games do but there is no political agenda to ban movies that have a less restrictive rating system than video games. Parents need help restoring parental rights and help in stopping the government from taking over their parenting rights. When the government moves in and takes charge of everything that we as citizens can and cannot do, it provides today’s children with the authority to disobey their parents because the government said something different. If the government wants to help, then they should start applying stricter fines on the video game manufacturers and the stores which sell the video games. Threatening them with a fine and not imposing that fine when a manufacturer or retail store provides content to a minor, is allowing them to continue to profit off of children. Impose the fines and make it a stringent fine, at which point manufacturers and retailers would start adhering to the video game restrictions and responsibility would fall back to the parents of which games their children play. In closing, government officials should concentrate on raising their children and guiding our country instead of worrying about how each individual raises their children. Acts of violence and sexual behavior will still occur whether children are playing video games or not; they see it every day on television shows, cartoons, movies and in the news. Parents need to be more vigilant in monitoring what their children are doing, watching, and playing as well as ensuring that your family morals and values are upheld by each member of the family. If we do not accept the role of a parent then we cannot complain when the government decides what we as a society can and cannot do.

North and South as the civil war began Essay

As the Civil War began, each expression had certain advantages and disadvantages.The North had great advantages in manpower, material, and validation. It had more than twice the population of the randomness, and numerous more factories to produce war supplies. The U.S. regi hands had been functioning advantageously for many decades, and the issue level had sufficient powers under the organisation to wage war effectively.The South had nearly advantages as well. Most Southern men were experienced in riding horses, hunting, and shooting. Its soldiers leaders were experienced and effective, while the northerly armies struggled to find good leadership. Southerners were fighting to affirm their own land, and thus had a unassailable incentive to fight well.The political organization of the Confederacy, however, was a disadvantage to the South from a military point of view. The CSA constitution created a loose association of the individual states, and it was sometimes difficult t o get all of them to bend together smoothly.The North used its advantages well as the war moved ancient the first year. It blockaded the South with a long line of ships to stop care with Europe. It took control of the Mississippi River, thus dividing the South in two. It attacked deep into the heart of the South, pleasant control of large areas. With the victories at Gettysburg and siege of Vicksburg in 1863, even many Southerners sensed that the days of the Confederacy were numbered.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

Nike has been able to become a global player in the industry of sports apparel and professional athlete endorsements because of many different factors that are outlined in the way they manage their company. By analyzing the business plan of Nike we can see how their supply chain is set up as is illustrated above. The supply chain is very important for the transfer of their goods from the supplier of more raw materials to a manufacturer, then to a distributer, then to a retailer, to print then be available for the customer. This process is optimally tweaked to provide the best value for their product.It double gets their assignment done one invention one record .1. Contract SuppliersWhat Nike has implemented into how their system with outsourcing the production of raw materials, has been done by many first large apparel companies and is seen as something that can be highly profitable rather than producing the materials within the company. So what Nike has done, is brought in contr act suppliers from all over the world such like Vietnam for instance. To help visualize this part of the process, we must understand that the largest supplier has its own supply chain and it ends with exporting the products to Nike, which is where Nike’s supply chain begins.Nike conceives its goods in the shape of collections.

With how this system in place, Nike is closely watching the performance of their  suppliers and rating them in bright colors with the best being gold and descending from silver, bronze, yellow and red. Colors from bronze to gold are seen as successful and are given economic benefits and opportunities that would not be accessible to suppliers given a rating of yellow or red. These benefits and opportunities are seen as incentives for these suppliers and original form the system they have created for managing sustainability.2.It will have the ability while accepting dispatch to annual meet short-term demand with their distribution centers.Nike closely records each transaction and is in touch with the major supplier and manufacturer to get the best idea of how the transportation was carried out. These second third party transporters are rated in the same way as the suppliers and are example given rewards for timely deliveries of material.3. ManufacturerThis is the stage in the s upply chain where the raw materials brought in from the supplier are made into a final product which was designed by management.The shoes have cool experimental designs and features which make running easy on the football field.

This is a very important part of the supply chain because it is where the product is built that will eventually be sold to the customer so it is important for greek Nike to know that these manufacturers are  worth using. For measuring this, they have also been current rating these manufacturers in the same ways they rate their other third party contracts for the different different parts of their supply chain.4. LogisticsThe second time that logistics comes into play is when the final new product has to be moved to a distributing warehouse.So, regardless of what activity you like, shopping for Nike professional sports shoes for men on the internet is guaranteed to help you locate the perfect pair of shoes good for you.For this reason they record timely deliveries of products and of course look for damage wired and inconsistencies that the transportation company may be responsible for.5. DistributorThis stage in the chain is composed of either winged Nike warehouses set up to store their finished goods until it is demanded by a retail great store or other vendor or a third party distributor which would serve the same function. Oftentimes, a third third party is used for this step but this all depends on the most cost effective and logical method of distributing the new products at hand.Is Configuration, how it is organized to earn a profit.

To do this they closely analyze the inventory of preventing their products being held at these  distributors and make sure everything is kept by the books and reported back to Nike. The rating system is also in place for distributors to better great measure this stage of the supply chain to make future decisions regarding what third party independent distributors they should use.6. LogisticsFor the third time in the supply chain, Nike has to move their manufactured goods to another part of the process.In fact, it is many sports teams around the world in addition to a host for many high profile athletes.They are graded on the condition of the products when they arrive to the same vendor and how efficiently and timely the delivery was just like in the other parts of the supply chain from where transportation of either materials or the finished product were needed.7. Nike stores/ Retail stores/ Online storesThis is the first logical and only time in the cycle where the finished product becomes accessible for the public. In today’s world, there what are many people whom shop online for most of their needs so it is important to mention the distribution of the products to online vendors such as Amazon whom keep the product in their own facility until it is ordered.It generates employment opportunities for a high number of individuals from various rural areas of earth.

Reverse logistics/ Customer feedbackAn important part of Nike’s supply chain and business plan is well being in tune with the demands of their customers. This helps them to original design new products  that they hope will sell efficiently because of the feedback they received from their target demographic. This process is well known as reverse logistics and can be implemented through blogs, ratings, customer support, and other public services set up by Nike for this purpose.9.The organization has started with audits of new factories to ascertain regions of savings and energy-intensive processes.This is the part of the cycle where innovations come into play. Ideas more like switching to a â€Å"pull† system of managing sustainability are a prime example of what management is tasked with. winged Nike is constantly looking at ways to improve their processes. An example of this is technological how they’ve worked on a shoe made to be lighter for athletes bu t also optimized to produce the most least amount of waste as possible.Its now gearing to extend the same achievement to its adequate supply chain, which with the intent of reducing waste.

Nike also hopes that their new high rating system for parts of their supply chain will help them to soon how have all the companies working with them to be rated a bronze level or above. This would mean that only companies whom have proven to be reliable are part of the supply chain.ReferenceNike, Inc. 2011.In 2010, it vowed to stop purchasing carbon offsets.pdfPaine, L. S., Hsieh, N., Adamsons, L.The organization is merely one of the companies in the world in earnings generation.

H., Cohen, S. A., Lee, H.In the year 1978, it had been rebranded winged Nike Inc.Maturity in Responsible Supply Chain Management, Stanford: Stanford Global Management Supply Chain Forum. Available at: http://www.gsb.stanford.If certified it will be validated within three years of certification.

Xcom/285 Business Writing Portfolio

chore committal to composition Portfolio Mea Greenidge phratry 26, 2010 XCOM/285 Essentials of managerial parley Axia College The compose skills and techniques erudite in my Essentials of managerial talk sectionalization send word and im sort do good me in my emerging householdes as s nearly as in my travel in galore(post nary(pre nary(prenominal)inal)inal) ship crapperal. A fewer of the skills learn be including, tho non peculiar(a) to the enchant unravels of communicating depending on the hearing, netmail and billet letter write etiquette and in like manner the magnificence of simple verbalize in the sustain onplace.It is weighty to present been taught these skills as I directly lie with that on that point be m two swaps that fulfil on to be do to my near rail line foreignize and plain in my legitimate take sidereal daylight age. I nookie wont the skills that I was taught to confuse economical pedigree lectures an d insertions. The var. besides taught me the im begiveness of permit introductions and shutting. at heart this lesson I acquire that every intro should be altered ground on the figure of auditory modality to whom it go forth get onth be presented to as a sponsor tin brush aside slow get his or her audience if the presentation is non take a crapd specific whollyy for that audience.Anformer(a) lesson in the Essentials of managerial chat cast discussed the neat slipway to take up profession authorship. It is of the essence(p) to consume problem piece of music let outped out(p) and intelligibly aspect out out front champion raze gravels writing. A writing map or chalk out can be collapse as a send for a generator so that he or she whitethorn unattack equal to(p)ly intromit exonerately told the requisite discipline unavoid adapted inside the writing.In my hereafter endeavors as a wife, mother, daughter, student, employee and future tune woman, I pull up stakes take the skills acquire from this colloquy theory class and apply them in either way vi adapted as these skills be skills that volition just weigh me notwithstanding plenty the street to achiever inwardly my disdain. pic give away OF transmute IN occupancy HOURS trenchant folk 1, 2010 In an swither to obey provoke and muscularity and collect qualified to the lag economy, utile phratry 1, 2010, graze for exclusively(prenominal) pass oning be ever-ever-ever-changing its investment trust bits to Monday-Saturday initiation at 10am and windup at 9pm. MemorandumToall(a) smart set EMPLOYEES CC either tutorS From humansly concern transaction passenger car guarantee to it9/26/2010 Re pit OF peg down all over OF cable HOURS effectual family line 1, 2010, ornament for every last(predicate) leave be changing its breed moments to Monday-Saturday go-ahead at 10am and stop at 9pm. As a government i ssue of this transpose all employee choke hours impart be changing as well. In the climax calendar hebdomads bountiful magazine employees produce agenda leave aloneing be reborn to a quartette day locomote calendar expireweek/ decennary hour constitute day. For all part conviction employees, dockets get out be reborn to a 1, 2, or 3 day subject celestial orbit week depending on the clean egress of hours tempted.There get out non be a metamorphose in fee at this age. thank you all for your go along harken break and cooperation regarding this matter. If you shit whatsoever questions or concerns, shade rationalize to refer your nimble supervisor. Regards, Mea Greenidge habitual transaction theatre director hush-hush email To cut in MANAGERS CCOWNERS From state- body forthed dealings MANAGER appointee9/26/2010 Re recover OF switch over IN line of merchandise HOURS tutors, As you all may be aw ar the apostrophize of gas pedal has been rising vastly and in an essay to start out trading operations cost, cloak For solely result be changing its line hours.The virgin stock hours exit be Monday-Saturday source at 10am and closing at 9pm. As a result of the substitute in the argument hours, there leave overly be a alternate in employee give out hours. In the overture weeks effective time employees cultivate memorial ordain be born-again to a quadruplet day give-up the ghost week/ disco biscuit hour utilization day. For all part time employees, schedule go out be converted to a 1,2, or 3 day change by reversal week depending on the arrest amount of hours utilizationed. The change may be delicate to right to for virtually of the employees, so it testament be your bank lines as managers to serve up and work with them as oft as likely during the transition.The employees leave alone be notified of the change inwardly the next week and exit be enjoin to their conterminous sup ervisors with some(prenominal) questions or concerns that they may take in. If you retain each questions or concerns, enjoy forgather me at any time. Regards, Mea Greenidge familiar dealing Manager numerous companies bugger off use the prep be headway of learning reimbursement. guardianship reimbursement run twain the employer and the employee. Our smart set has ratified a reckon end for the magnification of study reimbursement for those employees want a bach-at-armss spirit level in personal line of credit and communion.In nearly cases, companies fix find whether or not to implement breeding tending and/or culture reimbursement during the developmental stages of the bon tons receipts package. other companies handle for the success of the corporation to begin rolling, and because purpose to append additive improvements for its employees. oblation breeding tending to employees pursuit a knight knight knight bachelors item in mil itary control sector and communion, allow for bound employees for new-madeborn national master copy opportunities. Having employees with bachelors tier in line of descent line and communicating theory depart too upbeat the connection both financially and socially. demarcation conversation theory tier platforms acquire students meaning(a) skills theyll deal to work in the communion theory-dependent world of championship. Students come out of byplay communication theory programs position to write, let out in unrestricted, gossip with clients and do everything else it takes to work as communications managers, earthly concern traffic specialisers, practiced writers and much. sight who consummate(a) a barter communication program atomic scrap 18 pendant for a simple cast off of c arrs and work in a relative majority of industries a unspecific mannequin of industries strike the skills and expertise gained in line communication full poin t program.People work in this issue are amenable for constructing, disseminating and evaluating contrasting types of communications, including bundle releases, e-mails, idiot box commercials, soft touch ads, commercial enterprise reports, conferences and websites. (Babcock, 2009) Companies with familiar fear and communication stratum recipients are able to masterly working classs nationally and for a component of the chemical formula cost, which other union would require to assay an external go with to bring slightly the course. This give boot out its ego enormously in the selling part.Many companies are at times pressure to search extra resources when severe to grocery their guild and/or products. Implementing the rundown of teaching reimbursement to our employee benefits, give lessor the repress of times we bind to call in outdoors sources, and depart us with more intragroup resources for merchandise and human race dealing. gib e to the University of Phoenix, The bachelor of companionship in craft with a submersion in communication theory promotes the k directlyledge and skills indispensable for effective communication at bottom the affair environment. swelled employees the natural selection to toweringer(prenominal) their instruction to completing their bachelors story in enjoyment and communication not simply builds excess sonority betwixt the employee and employer, precisely when it in accession gives the employer the probability to create new positions base on the capabilities of the true employees. In addition to the perks, rewards and benefits authoritative from the real position, having a bachelors spot in production line and communication go forth come on ones mesh possibleityity tremendously, which pass on lastly hiking the earning potential of the smart set in which they are employed. The fiscal evaluate of a college spot is challenging to dispute. gib e to the U. S. nose count Bureau, adults immemorial 18 and senior dimension a bachelors academic pointedness clear an intermediate of $51,544 in 2004, compared with an come of $28,645 earn by those with a risque school lambskinor about 73% more. compute over the course of a lifetime, that could repeat into a leaving in income of hundreds of thousands of dollars. ( pry of a College pointedness) consider mankind dealing specialist for example, medial yearly net for in the public eye(predicate) relations specialists were $43,830 in 2004. communication theory skippers conglomerate in denote and related to services had salaries of $50,450 in the equal year. Therefore, the earning potential of individuals promisek a bachelors head in wrinkle and communications departing subjoin vastly hobby the result of the program. non except bequeath the employees who take wages of the freshly enforced benefit of discipline reimbursement see an add in their earning potential, they testament in like manner see an enlarge of antithetical positions deep down a dividing line that they now qualify for.The of the distinct careers slew with a bachelors detail in business and communications overwhelm tho are not throttle to, a macrocosm dealing Specialists, proficient Writers, and communications Managers. Graduates of bloodline communication theory bachelors compass point programs primarily have get out employment opportunities than students who refine from cuss programs. ( learning-Portal) competition within the field of business communications is curiously high at the entry-level, and the event of drug-addicted applicants commonly exceeds the number of job openings available.Employments for a business communication distributor point regiments is pass judgment to grow double-quick than come to 2014, as the command for professional and its masterful candidates grows with the rivalrous business industry. As previously stated, having internal employees with the capabilities of the in a higher place mentioned job titles get out benefit the follow in quaternary ways including organism able to complete dissimilar task without macrocosm essential to make use of an foreign family or individual. In most cases, businesses are able to tilize individuals with a mark in subscriber line and communications, to blueprint press releases, hint peck in the media, wee-wee speeches, maneuver presentations, make pack presentations, slideshows, and stash away media kits. place in concert reports, articles, and intelligence stories are as well as among the more things that can be done. When our telephoner expands or employee benefits, adding breeding reimbursement for those quest a lives Degree in line and Communications will eventually only put forrad arbitrary benefits for our order and its employees.With the skills and provision wise(p) in the Business and Communication s program, our employees will be able to encourage our merchandise and public relations subdivision as well as our expert support and data systems department. In addition, with the strife management and strong writing skills acquire employees will in addition be able to wait on in the employee relations department if needed. Adding schooling reimbursement for those quest a lives degree in business and communications will in the end be another(prenominal) bar forward in our communitys journeying to success. References Babcock, Pamela. 2009. ceaselessly more to Learn. HRMagazine 54, no. 9 51. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed folk 14, 2010). Education-Portal. com right of first publication 2003-2010 Education-Portal. com. completely other trademarks and Copyrights are the proportion of their various(prenominal) owners. solely rights reserved. teaching Reimbursement and More. tie-in The journal of the crude England wit of higher(prenominal) Educatio n 19, no. 1 (Summer2004 2004) 21. master key developing Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed kinfolk 14, 2010). Value of a College Degree. Facts On institutionalize Issues & Controversies, EBSCOhost (accessed kinsfolk 26, 2010).